Abstract

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Download the Abstract template here.

The abstract is the preliminary section of the paper that presents a summary, gist or snapshot of the whole study. It provides the reader a general understanding of the specific contribution of the research to the body of knowledge, which helps him/her decide whether the paper is of interest for him/her. An abstract is included in a completed research work (proposals do not require an abstract).

Before the actual abstract, the page presents the profile of the study. The information included are as follows:

• Name of institution
• Address (of institution)
• Title
• Author/s
• Adviser
• Degree (include major if applicable)
• Date of completion (month/year)

The actual abstract follows. The format is left-aligned, font 12, and has no indention. Limit the word count from 150 to 250 words. The information needed in the abstract format can be described using the acronym IMRaD (Introduction, Methods, Results and Discussion).

• I - ntroduction (short background and the general statement of the problem/objective).
• M - ethods (design, sample, instrument, data collection and analysis).
• R - esults (include only the landmark findings).
• D - iscussion (conclusion and major recommendation).