This section is required for
studies that will collect and analyze qualitative data (pure qualitative
studies and mixed methods wherein the qualitative phase is the main component).
It presents the techniques used by the researcher in the process of collecting
and analyzing the data to ensure the trustworthiness of the findings and rigor
of the procedure. There are four subsections in this part based on the
strategies identified by Lincoln and Guba (1985): (1) credibility; (2)
transferability; (3) dependability, and; (4) confirmability.
Allot at least one paragraph for
each subsection using this flow:
·
Identify the technique to be used (e.g. person
triangulation);
·
Define the technique;
·
Explain how you will carry out this specific
technique;
·
Properly cite your sources.
End this section with a summary
table of the techniques to be used per component of trustworthiness as shown
below:
·
Credibility (How congruent are the findings with
reality?)
o
Strict following of methodological procedures
o
Gaining familiarity with the context (Prolonged
Engagement)
o
Random sampling if possible
o
Triangulation (data, person, space, time)
o
Ensuring honesty of participants
(confidentiality, no right or wrong)
o
Iterative questioning, probing questionsNegative
case analysis
o
Debriefing sessions with research group
o
Peer scrutiny
o
Member checking
o
Reflective journaling, positionality of
researcher
o
Establishing competence of researcher
o
Thick description of the phenomenon
o
Comparison with related literature
·
Transferability (Can the findings be applicable
to those with the same context?)
o
sufficient thick description of the phenomenon
under investigation is provided to allow readers to have a proper understanding
of it
o
conveying to the reader the boundaries of the
study
·
Dependability (If the work were repeated, in the
same context, with the same methods and with the same participants, similar
results would be obtained)
o
Full description of details of methodology
o
the operational detail of data gathering,
addressing the minutiae of what was done in the field
o
reflective appraisal of the project, evaluating
the effectiveness of the process of inquiry undertaken
·
Confirmability (findings are the result of the
experiences and ideas of the informants, rather than the characteristics and
preferences of the researcher)
o
Triangulation
o
Disclosure of positionality of the researcher
o
Audit Trail: trace the course of the research
step-by-step via the decisions made and procedures described.
This section is not
required in pure quantitative research.
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